Imiphumela yamaza kagesi kumagciwane e-pathogenic kanye nezindlela ezihlobene: isibuyekezo ku-Journal of Virology.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Pathogenic sekuyinkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele. Amagciwane angangena kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo zamangqamuzana futhi abangele amazinga ahlukene okulimala nokulimala, okuholela ezifweni ngisho nokufa. Ngokudlanga kwamagciwane e-pathogenic anjenge-acute acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukisa izindlela ezisebenzayo neziphephile zokuvala amagciwane e-pathogenic. Izindlela zendabuko zokuvala amagciwane e-pathogenic ziyasebenza kodwa zinemikhawulo ethile. Ngezimpawu zamandla aphezulu angena, i-resonance ngokomzimba futhi akukho ukungcola, amagagasi kagesi asephenduke isu elingase libe yisu lokungasebenzi kwamagciwane e-pathogenic futhi adonsela ukunaka okwandayo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono wokushicilelwa kwakamuva ngomthelela wamagagasi kagesi kumagciwane e-pathogenic nezindlela zawo, kanye nethuba lokusetshenziswa kwamagagasi kagesi wokungasebenzi kwamagciwane e-pathogenic, kanye nemibono emisha nezindlela zokwenza lokho kungasebenzi.
Amagciwane amaningi asakazeka ngokushesha, aphikelela isikhathi eside, ane-pathogenic kakhulu futhi angabangela izifo eziwumshayabhuqe emhlabeni wonke kanye nezingozi ezinkulu zezempilo. Ukuvimbela, ukutholwa, ukuhlolwa, ukuqedwa kanye nokwelashwa yizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokumisa ukusabalala kwegciwane. Ukuqedwa ngokushesha nangempumelelo kwamagciwane e-pathogenic kuhlanganisa i-prophylactic, ukuvikela, nokuqedwa komthombo. Ukungasebenzi kwamagciwane e-pathogenic ngokubhujiswa komzimba ukuze kuncishiswe ukutheleleka kwawo, i-pathogenicity kanye namandla okuzala kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuwaqeda. Izindlela zendabuko, ezihlanganisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amakhemikhali kanye nemisebe ye-ionizing, zingenza ngokuphumelelayo amagciwane e-pathogenic. Nokho, lezi zindlela zisenemikhawulo ethile. Ngakho-ke, kusenesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukisa amasu amasha okungasebenzi kwamagciwane e-pathogenic.
Ukukhishwa kwamagagasi kagesi kunezinzuzo zamandla aphezulu angena, ukufudumeza okusheshayo nokufana okufanayo, i-resonance nama-microorganisms kanye nokukhululwa kwe-plasma, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kube indlela esebenzayo yokuvala amagciwane e-pathogenic [1,2,3]. Amandla amaza kagesi okwenza amagciwane e-pathogenic angasebenzi aboniswa ekhulwini elidlule [4]. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwamagagasi kagesi okwenza kusebenze amagciwane e-pathogenic kuye kwakhanga ukunaka okwandayo. Lesi sihloko sidingida umphumela wamagagasi kagesi kumagciwane e-pathogenic kanye nezindlela zawo, ezingasebenza njengesiqondiso esiwusizo socwaningo oluyisisekelo nolusetshenzisiwe.
Izici ze-morphological zamagciwane zingabonisa imisebenzi efana nokusinda nokusuleleka. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi amagagasi kagesi, ikakhulukazi i-ultra high frequency (UHF) kanye ne-ultra high frequency (EHF) electromagnetic waves, angaphazamisa ukwakheka kwamagciwane.
I-Bacteriophage MS2 (MS2) ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zocwaningo njengokuhlolwa kokubulala amagciwane, imodeli ye-kinetic (i-aqueous), kanye nokuchazwa kwebhayoloji yama-molecule egciwane [5, 6]. U-Wu uthole ukuthi ama-microwaves ku-2450 MHz kanye no-700 W abangele ukuhlanganisa kanye nokuncipha okuphawulekayo kwamaphage asemanzini e-MS2 ngemva komzuzu ongu-1 wokushiswa kwemisebe eqondile [1]. Ngemuva kophenyo olwengeziwe, ukuphuka ebusweni be-MS2 phage nakho kwabonwa [7]. I-Kaczmarczyk [8] idalule ukumiswa kwamasampula e-coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) kumaza amamilimitha angu-95 GHz kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okungama-70 kuya ku-100 W/cm2 ku-0.1 s. Izimbobo ezinkulu zingatholakala egobolondweni eliyisiyingi legciwane, okuholela ekulahlekeni kokukuqukethe. Ukuchayeka kumaza kagesi kungalimaza amafomu egciwane. Kodwa-ke, izinguquko ezimpahleni ze-morphological, ezifana nokuma, ububanzi kanye nokushelela kwendawo, ngemva kokuchayeka egciwaneni ngemisebe ye-electromagnetic akwaziwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ubudlelwano phakathi kwezici ze-morphological kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza, okunganikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile nezilula zokuhlola ukungasebenzi kwegciwane [1].
Isakhiwo segciwane ngokuvamile siqukethe i-nucleic acid yangaphakathi (i-RNA noma i-DNA) kanye ne-capsid yangaphandle. Ama-Nucleic acid anquma izici zofuzo kanye nokuphindaphinda kwamagciwane. I-capsid iyingqimba yangaphandle yama-protein subunits ahlelwe njalo, ingxenye eyisisekelo ye-scaffolding kanye ne-antigenic yezinhlayiya zegciwane, futhi ivikela ama-nucleic acid. Amagciwane amaningi anesakhiwo semvilophu esakhiwe ngama-lipids nama-glycoprotein. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaprotheni emvilophu anquma ukucaciswa kwama-receptors futhi asebenza njengama-antigen ayinhloko amasosha omzimba omninikhaya angawabona. Isakhiwo esiphelele siqinisekisa ubuqotho nokuzinza kwezakhi zofuzo zegciwane.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi amagagasi kagesi, ikakhulukazi amagagasi kagesi e-UHF, angalimaza i-RNA yamagciwane abangela izifo. I-Wu [1] iveze ngokuqondile indawo enamanzi yegciwane le-MS2 kuma-microwave angu-2450 MHz imizuzu emi-2 futhi yahlaziya izakhi zofuzo ezifaka ikhodi yephrotheni A, iphrotheni ye-capsid, iphrotheni ephindaphindayo, kanye nephrotheni ehlukanisayo ngejeli electrophoresis kanye nokuhlehla okubhaliwe kwe-polymerase chain reaction. RT-PCR). Lezi zakhi zofuzo zacekelwa phansi kancane kancane ngokwanda kwamandla futhi zaze zanyamalala lapho kuningi kakhulu amandla. Isibonelo, ukuvezwa kofuzo lwephrotheni A (934 bp) kwehle kakhulu ngemva kokuchayeka kumagagasi kagesi ngamandla angu-119 no-385 W futhi kwanyamalala ngokuphelele lapho ukuminyana kwamandla kunyuswa kuya ku-700 W. Le datha ibonisa ukuthi amagagasi kagesi angakwazi, kuye ngomthamo, bhubhisa ukwakheka kwe-nucleic acids yamagciwane.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi umphumela wamagagasi kagesi kumaprotheni egciwane lesandulela ngculazi usekelwe ikakhulukazi emthelela wabo ongaqondile wokushisa kubalamuleli kanye nomthelela wabo ongaqondile ekuhlanganiseni kwamaprotheni ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwama-nucleic acid [1, 3, 8, 9]. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela ye-athermic ingabuye iguqule i-polarity noma ukwakheka kwamaprotheni egciwane [1, 10, 11]. Umthelela oqondile wamagagasi kagesi kumaprotheni ayisisekelo esakhiwo/angewona awesakhiwo njengamaprotheni e-capsid, amaprotheni emvilophu noma amaprotheni e-spike amagciwane e-pathogenic asadinga ukucwaninga okwengeziwe. Muva nje kuphakanyiswe ukuthi imizuzu emi-2 yemisebe kagesi kagesi imvamisa ye-2.45 GHz enamandla angu-700 W ingasebenzisana nezingxenyana ezihlukene zamashaji amaprotheni ngokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezishisayo nezinkambu zikagesi ezinyakazayo ngemiphumela ye-electromagnetic kuphela [12].
Imvilophu yegciwane le-pathogenic ihlobene eduze nekhono layo lokuthelela noma ukubangela izifo. Ucwaningo oluningana lubike ukuthi i-UHF namaza kagesi e-microwave angabhubhisa amagobolondo amagciwane abangela izifo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izimbobo ezihlukile zingatholwa emvilophini yegciwane le-coronavirus 229E ngemva kokuchayeka kwesekhondi elingu-0.1 kumagagasi angamamilimitha angu-95 GHz ngamandla amakhulu angama-70 kuye kwayi-100 W/cm2 [8]. Umphumela wokudluliswa kwamandla okuzwakalayo kwamagagasi kagesi kungabangela ingcindezi eyanele yokucekela phansi ukwakheka kwemvilophu yegciwane. Kumagciwane amboziwe, ngemva kokuphuka kwemvilophu, ukutheleleka noma umsebenzi othile ngokuvamile uyancipha noma ulahleke ngokuphelele [13, 14]. U-Yang [13] udalule igciwane lomkhuhlane we-H3N2 (H3N2) kanye negciwane lomkhuhlane we-H1N1 (H1N1) kuma-microwaves ku-8.35 GHz, 320 W/m² kanye no-7 GHz, 308 W/m², ngokulandelana, imizuzu engu-15. Ukuze uqhathanise amasiginali e-RNA amagciwane e-pathogenic adalulwe kumagagasi kagesi kanye nemodeli ehlukanisiwe eqandisiwe futhi yancibilika ngokushesha ku-nitrogen ewuketshezi imijikelezo embalwa, kwenziwa i-RT-PCR. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izimpawu ze-RNA zalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ziyavumelana kakhulu. Le miphumela ikhombisa ukuthi isakhiwo somzimba segciwane siphazamisekile futhi isakhiwo semvilophu siyabhujiswa ngemva kokuchayeka emisebeni ye-microwave.
Umsebenzi wegciwane ungabonakala ngokukwazi ukuthelela, ukuphindaphinda nokubhala. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma umsebenzi ngokuvamile kuhlolwa ngokulinganisa ama-viral titers kusetshenziswa izivivinyo ze-plaque, i-tissue culture median infective dose (TCID50), noma umsebenzi we-luciferase reporter gene. Kodwa futhi ingahlolwa ngokuqondile ngokuhlukanisa igciwane eliphilayo noma ngokuhlaziya i-antigen yegciwane, ukuminyana kwezinhlayiyana zegciwane, ukusinda kwegciwane, njll.
Kubikwe ukuthi amaza kagesi e-UHF, SHF kanye ne-EHF angakwazi ukwenza ngokuqondile ama-aerosols amagciwane noma amagciwane ahamba emanzini. I-Wu [1] iveze i-MS2 bacteriophage aerosol ekhiqizwe i-nebulizer yaselabhorethri kumagagasi kagesi anefrikhwensi engu-2450 MHz namandla angu-700 W ngemizuzu engu-1.7, kuyilapho izinga lokusinda le-MS2 bacteriophage lalingu-8.66 kuphela%. Ngokufana ne-MS2 viral aerosol, ama-91.3% we-MS2 enamanzi ayenziwa angasebenzi phakathi nemizuzu engu-1.5 ngemva kokuchayeka kumthamo ofanayo wamaza kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lemisebe kagesi yokuvala igciwane le-MS2 lalihlotshaniswa kahle nokuminyana kwamandla kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka. Kodwa-ke, uma ukusebenza kahle kokuvala kufinyelela inani eliphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokuvala akukwazi ukwenziwa ngcono ngokwandisa isikhathi sokuchayeka noma ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwamandla. Isibonelo, igciwane le-MS2 libe nesilinganiso esincane sokusinda esingu-2.65% kuya ku-4.37% ngemva kokuchayeka kumagagasi kagesi angu-2450 MHz nama-700 W, futhi azikho izinguquko ezibalulekile ezitholakele ngesikhathi sokuchayeka esandayo. U-Siddharta [3] ukhanyise ukumiswa kweseli eliqukethe i-hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) ngamagagasi kazibuthe kagesi ngefrikhwensi engu-2450 MHz namandla angu-360 W. Bathola ukuthi ama-virus titers ehle kakhulu. ngemuva kwemizuzu emi-3 yokuchayeka, okubonisa ukuthi imisebe ye-electromagnetic wave iyasebenza ngokumelene ne-HCV kanye ne-HIV-1 ukutheleleka futhi isiza ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwegciwane lapho zivezwe ndawonye. Lapho ukhanyisa amasiko amaseli e-HCV kanye nokumiswa kwe-HIV-1 ngamagagasi kagesi anamandla aphansi anemvamisa ye-2450 MHz, 90 W noma 180 W, alukho ushintsho ku-virus titer, olunqunywa umsebenzi wentatheli ye-luciferase, kanye noshintsho olukhulu ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane. zabonwa. ku-600 no-800 W ngomzuzu ongu-1, ukutheleleka kwawo womabili amagciwane akuzange kunciphe kakhulu, okukholakala ukuthi kuhlobene namandla emisebe ye-electromagnetic wave kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka kokushisa okubucayi.
I-Kaczmarczyk [8] ibonise okokuqala ukubulawa kwamagagasi kagesi e-EHF ngokumelene namagciwane atholakala emanzini ngo-2021. Badalula amasampula e-coronavirus 229E noma i-poliovirus (PV) kumagagasi kazibuthe kagesi imvamisa engu-95 GHz kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okungama-70 kuya ku-100 W/cm2 imizuzwana emi-2. Ukusebenza kahle kokungasebenzi kahle kwamagciwane amabili e-pathogenic kwaba ngu-99.98% no-99.375%, ngokulandelana. okukhombisa ukuthi amagagasi kagesi e-EHF anamathuba abanzi okusebenza emkhakheni wokungasebenzi kwegciwane.
Ukusebenza kokungasebenzi kwe-UHF kwamagciwane kubuye kwahlolwa emithonjeni yezindaba ehlukahlukene njengobisi lwebele nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya. Abacwaningi badalule izifihla-buso ezingcoliswe i-adenovirus (ADV), i-poliovirus hlobo 1 (PV-1), i-herpesvirus 1 (HV-1) ne-rhinovirus (RHV) emisebeni kagesi kagesi imvamisa engu-2450 MHz namandla angama-720 watts. Babike ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwama-antigen e-ADV kanye ne-PV-1 kwaba yi-negative, futhi i-HV-1, PIV-3, ne-RHV titers yehla yafika ku-zero, okubonisa ukungasebenzi ngokuphelele kwawo wonke amagciwane ngemva kwemizuzu emi-4 yokuchayeka [15, 16]. U-Elhafi [17] adalule ngokuqondile ama-swabs atheleleke nge-avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), i-avian pneumovirus (APV), i-Newcastle disease virus (NDV), kanye ne-avian influenza virus (AIV) ku-2450 MHz, 900 W kuhhavini we-microwave. balahlekelwa ukungenwa yizifo. Phakathi kwazo, i-APV ne-IBV ziphinde zatholwa emasikweni ezitho zoqhoqhoqho ezitholwe emibungu yamatshwele esizukulwane sesi-5. Nakuba igciwane lingenakuhlukaniswa, i-viral nucleic acid yayisatholwa yi-RT-PCR. U-Ben-Shoshan [18] udalule ngokuqondile u-2450 MHz, amagagasi kagesi angu-750 W ukuya ku-15 cytomegalovirus (CMV) amasampula obisi lwebele oluhle imizuzwana engama-30. Ukutholwa kwe-antigen nge-Shell-Vial kubonise ukungasebenzi ngokuphelele kwe-CMV. Nokho, ku-500 W, amasampula angu-2 kwangu-15 awazange asebenze ngokuphelele, okubonisa ukuhlobana okuhle phakathi kokusebenza kahle kokungasebenzi kanye namandla amaza kagesi.
Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi u-Yang [13] wabikezela imvamisa yokukhala phakathi kwamagagasi kagesi kanye namagciwane ngokusekelwe kumamodeli angokomzimba amisiwe. Ukumiswa kwezinhlayiya zegciwane le-H3N2 ezinobukhulu obungu-7.5 × 1014 m-3, obukhiqizwe amaseli ezinso zezinja ezizwela igciwane i-Madin Darby (MDCK), kuvezwe amaza kagesi kagesi ngemvamisa ye-8 GHz namandla angama-820. W/m² imizuzu engu-15. Izinga lokungasebenzi kwegciwane le-H3N2 lifinyelela ku-100%. Kodwa-ke, embundwini wethiyori ongu-82 W/m2, ama-38% kuphela egciwane le-H3N2 ayenziwa angasebenzi, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokungasebenzi kahle kwegciwane le-EM-mediated kuhlobene eduze nokuminyana kwamandla. Ngokusekelwe kulolu cwaningo, u-Barbora [14] ubala i-resonant frequency range (8.5-20 GHz) phakathi kwamagagasi kagesi kanye ne-SARS-CoV-2 futhi waphetha ngokuthi u-7.5 × 1014 m-3 we-SARS-CoV- 2 uvezwa amaza kagesi A wave. nefrikhwensi engu-10-17 GHz kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okungu-14.5 ± 1 W/m2 cishe ku-15 amaminithi azoholela ekucishweni okungu-100%. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwa nguWang [19] lubonise ukuthi amaza azwakalayo e-SARS-CoV-2 angama-4 no-7.5 GHz, okuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwamafrikhwensi anomsindo ongazimele ku-virus titer.
Sengiphetha, singasho ukuthi amagagasi kagesi angathinta ama-aerosol kanye nokumiswa, kanye nomsebenzi wamagciwane ezindaweni ezingaphezulu. Kutholwe ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokungasebenzi kuhlobene kakhulu nemvamisa namandla amagagasi kagesi kanye nendawo esetshenziselwa ukukhula kwegciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaza kagesi asuselwa ekukhanyeni komzimba abaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni igciwane lingasebenzi [2, 13]. Kuze kube manje, umphumela wamagagasi kagesi emsebenzini wamagciwane e-pathogenic ugxile kakhulu ekushintsheni ukutheleleka. Ngenxa yomshini oyinkimbinkimbi, izifundo ezimbalwa zibike umphumela wamagagasi kagesi ekuphindaphindeni nasekulotshweni kwamagciwane e-pathogenic.
Izindlela amaza kagesi azibuthe enza ngazo amagciwane angasebenzi zihlobene eduze nohlobo lwegciwane, imvamisa namandla amaza kagesi, kanye nendawo yokukhula kwegciwane, kodwa azikahlolisiswa. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lugxile ezindleleni zokudluliswa kwamandla ashisayo, ashisayo, kanye nesakhiwo.
Umphumela oshisayo uqondwa njengokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa ukujikeleza kwesivinini esikhulu, ukungqubuzana nokungqubuzana kwama-molecule e-polar ezicutshini ngaphansi kwethonya lamagagasi kagesi. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, amagagasi kagesi angakhuphula izinga lokushisa legciwane ngaphezu komkhawulo wokubekezelelana ngokomzimba, okubangela ukufa kwegciwane. Kodwa-ke, amagciwane aqukethe ama-molecule ambalwa e-polar, okuphakamisa ukuthi imiphumela eqondile yokushisa kumagciwane ayivamile [1]. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kunama-molecule amaningi asezindaweni ezimaphakathi nendawo ezungezile, njengama-molecule amanzi, ahamba ngokuhambisana nenkundla kagesi eshintshanayo ejatshuliswa amaza kagesi kazibuthe, akhiqiza ukushisa ngokungqubuzana. Ukushisa bese kudluliselwa egciwaneni ukuze likhuphule izinga lokushisa. Lapho umkhawulo wokubekezelelana weqiwe, ama-nucleic acid namaprotheni ayabhujiswa, okugcina kunciphisa ukutheleleka futhi kwenza igciwane lingasebenzi.
Amaqembu amaningana abike ukuthi amagagasi kagesi anganciphisa ukutheleleka kwamagciwane ngokuchayeka okushisayo [1, 3, 8]. I-Kaczmarczyk [8] idalule ukumiswa kwe-coronavirus 229E kumagagasi kazibuthe kagesi imvamisa yama-95 GHz anamandla okuminyana angama-70 kuye kwayi-100 W/cm² imizuzwana engu-0.2-0.7. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-100 ° C phakathi nale nqubo kube nomthelela ekubhujisweni kwe-virus morphology kanye nokunciphisa umsebenzi wegciwane. Le miphumela eshisayo ingachazwa isenzo samagagasi kagesi kuma-molecule amanzi azungezile. I-Siddharta [3] imise ukumiswa kwamaseli aqukethe i-HCV yezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-genotype, okuhlanganisa i-GT1a, GT2a, GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, GT6a kanye ne-GT7a, enamaza kagesi imvamisa engu-2450 MHz namandla angu-90 W no-3600 W. W, 600 W kanye no-800 Tue With ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kweseli ye-culture medium ukusuka ku-26°C kuya ku-92°C, imisebe kazibuthe yehlisa ukutheleleka kwegciwane noma yalivala ngokuphelele igciwane. Kodwa i-HCV yavezwa amagagasi kagesi isikhathi esifushane ngamandla aphansi (90 noma 180 W, 3 amaminithi) noma amandla aphezulu (600 noma 800 W, 1 iminithi), kuyilapho kungekho ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokushisa kanye noshintsho oluphawulekayo endaweni. igciwane alibonwanga ukutheleleka noma umsebenzi.
Imiphumela engenhla ibonisa ukuthi umphumela oshisayo wamagagasi kagesi uyisici esibalulekile esithonya ukutheleleka noma umsebenzi wamagciwane e-pathogenic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi umphumela oshisayo wemisebe ye-electromagnetic wenza amagciwane e-pathogenic asebenze ngempumelelo kune-UV-C kanye nokushisa okuvamile [8, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].
Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yokushisa, amagagasi kagesi angaphinde aguqule i-polarity yama-molecule afana namaprotheni amancane nama-nucleic acid, abangele ama-molecule ajikeleze futhi adlidlize, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza noma ngisho nokufa [10]. Kukholakala ukuthi ukushintsha ngokushesha kwe-polarity yamagagasi kagesi kubangela i-protein polarization, okuholela ekusonkeni nasekugoqeni kwesakhiwo samaprotheni futhi, ekugcineni, ku-protein denaturation [11].
Umthelela ongewona oshisayo wamagagasi kagesi kukungasebenzi kwegciwane usalokhu uyimpikiswano, kodwa izifundo eziningi zibonise imiphumela emihle [1, 25]. Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, amaza kagesi angangena ngokuqondile kuphrotheni yemvilophu yegciwane le-MS2 futhi abhubhise i-nucleic acid yegciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-aerosol egciwane le-MS2 azwela kakhulu kumagagasi kagesi kune-MS2 enamanzi. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwama-molecule asezindaweni ezishisayo, njengama-molecule wamanzi, endaweni ezungeze ama-aerosol egciwane le-MS2, imiphumela ye-athermic ingase idlale indima ebalulekile ekungasebenzini kwegciwane le-electromagnetic wave-mediated virus [1].
Ukwenzeka kwe-resonance kubhekisela ekuthambekeni kwesistimu yomzimba ukuthola amandla engeziwe endaweni yawo ngemvamisa yawo yemvelo kanye nobude begagasi. I-resonance ivela ezindaweni eziningi emvelweni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amagciwane ahlangana nama-microwaves wemvamisa efanayo kwimodi elinganiselwe ye-acoustic dipole, into ezwakalayo [2, 13, 26]. Izindlela ezizwakalayo zokusebenzelana phakathi kwegagasi logesi kanye negciwane zidonsa ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Umthelela wokudluliswa okusebenzayo kwe-structural resonance energy transfer (SRET) ukusuka kumaza kagesi ukuya kuma-acoustic oscillations (CAV) avaliwe kumagciwane kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kolwelwesi lwegciwane ngenxa yokudlidliza okuyisisekelo kwe-capsid. Ukwengeza, ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwe-SRET kuhlobene nesimo semvelo, lapho ubukhulu kanye ne-pH yezinhlayiyana zegciwane kunquma imvamisa ye-resonant kanye nokumuncwa kwamandla, ngokulandelana [2, 13, 19].
Umthelela we-resonance womzimba wamagagasi kazibuthe udlala indima ebalulekile ekungasebenzini kwamagciwane amboziwe, azungezwe ulwelwesi lwebilayer olushumekwe kumaprotheni egciwane. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukuvalwa kwe-H3N2 ngamagagasi kagesi anemvamisa engu-6 GHz kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okungama-486 W/m² kudalwe ikakhulukazi ukugqashuka komzimba kwegobolondo ngenxa ye-resonance effect [13]. Izinga lokushisa lokumiswa kwe-H3N2 lenyuke ngo-7°C kuphela ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15 yokuchayeka, nokho, ukuze kungasebenzi igciwane le-H3N2 lomuntu ngokushisa okushisayo, izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-55°C liyadingeka [9]. Izimo ezifanayo ziye zabonwa kumagciwane afana ne-SARS-CoV-2 ne-H3N1 [13, 14]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungasebenzi kwamagciwane ngamagagasi kagesi akuholeli ekulimaleni kwama-genomes egciwane le-RNA [1,13,14]. Ngakho-ke, ukungasebenzi kwegciwane le-H3N2 kwakhuthazwa yi-resonance ngokomzimba kunokuchayeka okushisayo [13].
Uma kuqhathaniswa nomthelela oshisayo wamagagasi kagesi, ukwenziwa kusebenze kwamagciwane ngokuzwakala kokuzwakala komzimba kudinga imingcele yomthamo ophansi, engaphansi kwamazinga okuphepha e-microwave asungulwe yi-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) [2, 13]. Imvamisa ye-resonant kanye nomthamo wamandla kuncike ezintweni ezibonakalayo zegciwane, njengosayizi wezinhlayiyana nokunwebeka, futhi wonke amagciwane angaphakathi kwemvamisa ye-resonant angaqondiswa ngempumelelo ukuze angasebenzi. Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokungena, ukungabikho kwemisebe ye-ionizing, nokuphepha okuhle, ukungasebenzi kwegciwane okulamulwa umphumela we-athermic we-CPET kuthembisa ukwelapha izifo eziyingozi zomuntu ezibangelwa amagciwane e-pathogenic [14, 26].
Ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kokungasebenzi kwamagciwane esigabeni se-liquid nangaphezulu kwemithombo yezindaba ehlukahlukene, amagagasi kagesi angabhekana ngokuphumelelayo nama-aerosols wegciwane [1, 26], okuyimpumelelo futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukudluliswa kwe-aerosol. igciwane kanye nokuvimbela ukudluliswa kwegciwane emphakathini. umqedazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala kwezakhiwo ze-resonance ngokomzimba zamagagasi kagesi kubaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Uma nje imvamisa ye-resonant ye-virion ethile kanye namagagasi kagesi aziwa, wonke ama-virus ngaphakathi kwebanga lemvamisa ye-resonant yesilonda angaqondiswa, angenakufinyelelwa ngezindlela zendabuko zokungasebenzi kwegciwane [13,14,26]. Ukungasebenzi kwe-electromagnetic kwamagciwane kuwucwaningo oluthembisayo olunocwaningo olukhulu kanye nenani elisetshenzisiwe kanye namandla.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokubulala amagciwane bendabuko, amagagasi kagesi anezici zokuvikela imvelo okulula, okusebenzayo, okusebenzayo lapho ebulala amagciwane ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo eziyingqayizivele [2, 13]. Nokho, ziningi izinkinga ezisele. Okokuqala, ulwazi lwesimanje lukhawulelwe ezintweni ezibonakalayo zamagagasi kagesi, futhi indlela yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwamagagasi kagesi ayikadalulwa [10, 27]. Amaza e-Microwave, okuhlanganisa namaza amamilimitha, asetshenziswe kabanzi ukutadisha ukungasebenzi kwegciwane kanye nezindlela zalo, nokho, izifundo zamaza kagesi kwamanye amaza, ikakhulukazi kumaza asuka ku-100 kHz ukuya ku-300 MHz nokusuka ku-300 GHz ukuya ku-10 THz, akuzange kubikwe. Okwesibili, indlela yokubulala amagciwane e-pathogenic ngamagagasi kagesi ayikacaciswanga, futhi kuhlolisiswe amagciwane ayindilinga nanjengenduku kuphela [2]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlayiya zegciwane zincane, azinawo amaseli, ziguquka kalula, futhi zisakazeka ngokushesha, okungase kuvimbele ukungasebenzi kwegciwane. Ubuchwepheshe be-electromagnetic wave zisadinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze kunqobe umshikashika wokuvala amagciwane e-pathogenic. Ekugcineni, ukumuncwa okuphezulu kwamandla akhazimulayo ngama-molecule asezindaweni ezimaphakathi nendawo, njengama-molecule amanzi, kubangela ukulahlekelwa amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphumelela kwe-SRET kungase kuthinteke izindlela ezimbalwa ezingaziwa kumagciwane [28]. Umphumela we-SRET ungaphinda uguqule igciwane ukuthi lizivumelanise nendawo yalo, okuholela ekumelaneni namagagasi kagesi [29].
Ngokuzayo, ubuchwepheshe bokungasebenzi kwegciwane kusetshenziswa amaza kagesi kumele buthuthukiswe. Ucwaningo lwesayensi oluyisisekelo kufanele luhloselwe ukucacisa indlela yokungasebenzi kwegciwane ngamagagasi kagesi. Isibonelo, indlela yokusebenzisa amandla amagciwane lapho echayeke kumagagasi kagesi, indlela enemininingwane yesenzo esingashisi esibulala amagciwane e-pathogenic, kanye nendlela yomphumela we-SRET phakathi kwamagagasi kagesi kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane kufanele kucaciswe ngokuhlelekile. Ucwaningo olusetshenziswayo kufanele lugxile endleleni yokuvimbela ukumuncwa ngokweqile kwamandla emisebe ngama-molecule asezindaweni ezishisayo, lufunde umphumela wamaza kagesi kagesi wamaza ahlukene kumagciwane ahlukahlukene e-pathogenic, futhi lufunde ngemiphumela engeyona eshisayo yamagagasi kagesi ekubhujisweni kwamagciwane e-pathogenic.
Amagagasi kagesi abe yindlela ethembisayo yokungasebenzi kwamagciwane e-pathogenic. Ubuchwepheshe be-electromagnetic wave bunobuhle bokungcoliswa okuphansi, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokungasebenzi kahle kwegciwane le-pathogen, elinganqoba ukulinganiselwa kobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokulwa namagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kutholwe imingcele yobuchwepheshe be-electromagnetic wave kanye nokucacisa indlela yokungasebenzi kwegciwane.
Umthamo othile wemisebe yegagasi kagesi ungacekela phansi ukwakheka nomsebenzi wamagciwane amaningi e-pathogenic. Ukusebenza kahle kokungasebenzi kwegciwane kuhlobene eduze nemvamisa, ukuminyana kwamandla, kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa imiphumela eshisayo, ye-athermal, ne-structural resonance yokudluliswa kwamandla. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bendabuko be-antiviral, ukungasebenzi kwegciwane le-electromagnetic wave kunezinzuzo zokuba lula, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokungcola okuphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukwenziwa kusebenze kwegciwane le-electromagnetic wave-mediated virus sekuyindlela ethembisayo ye-antiviral yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizayo.
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