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"I-virulence ye-Omicron isondele kulowo mkhuhlane wesikhathi sonyaka" futhi "i-omicron is a pathogenic kakhulu kuneDelta". ...... muva nje, izindaba eziningi mayelana ne-virulence of the umqhele omusha we-combrant strain omicron ubelokhu esakazeka kwi-Intanethi.
Ngempela, njengoba ukuvela kohlobo lwe-omicron mutant ngoNovemba 2021 nokubambela kwalo emhlabeni jikelele, ucwaningo kanye nokuxoxisana nge-virulence nokudlulisela kuqhubeke kungavaliwe. Iyini iphrofayili ye-virulence yamanje ye-Omicron? Uthini ucwaningo ngakho?
Izifundo ezahlukahlukene zelebhu: I-Omicron ayinamsebenzi omncane
Eqinisweni, ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2022, isifundo esivela e-University of Hong Kong Li ka Shing Confing of Medicine uthole ukuthi i-Omicron (B.1.1.529) kungenzeka kube ngaphansi kwe-pathogenic uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwangempela.
Kwatholakala ukuthi uhlobo lwe-omicron mutant lwalungasebenzi kahle ekusebenziseni i-transmemmembrane serine proteine (TMPRSS2), kanti i-TMPRSS2 ingasiza ukuhlasela ngegciwane kwamaseli okusingathwa ngokuhlehlisa amaprotheni we-coronavirus asanda kwenza. Ngasikhathi sinye, abacwaningi babona ukuthi ukuphindwaphindwa kuka-Omicron kwancishiswa kakhulu emigqeni yamaseli ongumuntu.
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Kwimodeli yegundane ye-K18-Hace2, ukuphindaphinda kwe-omicron kuncishisiwe kuwo womabili amapheshana okuphefumula aphezulu nangaphansi amagundane aqhathaniswa nohlobo lwangempela kanye ne-pulman mutant, kanti ukutheleleka kwalo kwe-pulman bekunzima kakhulu, kanti ukutheleleka kwalo kwe-pulmoron kwakubangelwa ukuncipha kwesisindo kanye nokufa kwe-alpha, e-beta kanye ne-delta mutants.
Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi ukuphindaphinda kwe-Omicron kanye ne-pathogenicity kwehliswe emagungeni.
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Ngomhlaka 16 Meyi 2022, imvelo yashicilela iphepha nguYoshihiro Kawaoka, isazi se-virologist ehamba phambili evela e-University of Tokyo naseWistenity of Wisconsin, i-University of Wisconsin i-Omicron Ba.2 iliqiniso kakhulu kunobunzima bokuqala.
Abaphenyi bakhethe i-Live Ba.2 Amagciwane ahlukaniswe eJapan ukuze athelele amagundane we-K18-Hace2 futhi athole ukuthi, amagundane anegciwane ancishiswe kakhulu emaphashini nasekhaleni elithelelekile kakhulu kunokuba atheleleka nge-crown entsha yokutheleleka (p <0.0001).
Lo mphumela ojwayelekile wegolide uqinisekisa ukuthi i-Omicron iyinto enobuhlakani kakhulu kunohlobo lwangempela lwasendle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile ezinqumweni zegciwane kumaphaphu namakhala amamodeli wezilwane alandela i-BA.2 ne-BA.1 izifo.
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I-PCR Viral yokulayisha amagciwane akhombisa ukuthi bobabili i-BA.2 ne-BA.1 Amagundane athelelekile ayenegciwane eliphansi emaphashini nasekhaleni kunobunzima bokuqala obusha bomqhele, ikakhulukazi emaphashini (P <0.0001).
Ifana nemiphumela emagukeni, ama-aural atholwa ekhaleni namaphaphu e-BA.2 kanye ne-hamsters enothelelekile enomugqa we-ba.2 angena ngaphansi kwe-hamsters ye-ba.2 ye-ba.2 azange athuthukise ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
Kwaphinde kwatholakala ukuthi izingqinamba zangempela, bheka, zingenakuthathwa njengokungathathi hlangothi kweSera ngokutheleleka - okuhambisana nalokho okubonwe kumuntu wangempela emhlabeni lapho etheleleka.
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Idatha ye-Real-World: I-Omicron mancane amathuba okubangela ukugula okungathi sína
Izifundo eziningana ezingenhla zichaze i-virulence encishisiwe ye-Omicron ngamamodeli wezilwane welebhu, kepha iyafana neqiniso emhlabeni wangempela?
Ngomhlaka 7 Juni 2022, owashicilela umbiko ohlola umehluko wobunzima babantu abatheleleke ngesikhathi se-Omicron (B.1.1.529) Ubhubhane luqhathaniswa nobhubhane lwe-Delta.
Lo mbiko ufake ama-coronary ama-coronary ama-16,749 amasha avela kuzo zonke izifundazwe zaseNingizimu Afrika, kufaka phakathi i-16,749 evela ku-2021/8/3) no-20,693 kusuka ku-Omicron ubhubhane (2021/11/15 kuya ku-2022/2/16). Iziguli nazo zahlukaniswa njengezinkulu, zibucayi futhi zingezinhle.
Okubucayi: Ukuthola umoya omncane wokuzihlanya, noma umoya-mpilo kanye nomoya-mpilo wokuhamba nge-transnasal ophakeme, noma i-extracorporopeal akygenane 1
-Sebever (Kunzima): Ithole umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokubhedlela
-Ukukhudlwana: Uma kungekho kulezi zimo ezingenhla ezihlangatshezwayo, isiguli asibi kakhulu.
Imininingwane ikhombisile ukuthi e-Delta Group, ama-49,2% ayenawo, ama-28% ayebucayi futhi ama-28% awo wonke ama-delta athelelekile ezigulini, ama-38.1% ayebucayi, ama-15% abucayi kwawo wonke ama-omicron athelelekile ezigulini. Futhi, ubude besikhathi sokuhlala bayizinsuku eziyi-7 eqenjini le-Delta kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku eziyi-6 eqenjini le-Omicron.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbiko uhlaziye izici ezithonyayo yobudala, ubulili, isimo sokugoma kanye nokukhuphuka futhi waphetha ngokuthi i-Omicron (95% CI: 0,51 kuya ku-0.4% CI
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Ngemibuthano ehlukene ye-Omicron, ezinye izifundo ziphinde zahlaziya i-virule yabo ngokuningiliziwe.
Isifundo se-Cohort esivela eNew England sihlaziye amacala angama-20770 e-Delta, ama-52605 amacala e-Omicron B.1.1.529 namacala okufa ka-Omicron Ba.2, futhi athole ukuthi inani lokufa lalingu-0.7% weB.1.1.529 no-0.3% we-BA.2. Ngemuva kokushintsha kwezinto ezididayo, lolu cwaningo lwaphetha ngokuthi ubungozi bokufa buphansi kakhulu ku-BA.2 kuqhathaniswa ne-Delta noB.1.1.529.
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Olunye ucwaningo oluvela eNingizimu Afrika luhlole ubungozi bokulaliswa esibhedlela kanye nengozi yemiphumela enzima yeDelta, bheka, BA.2 noBa.4 / Ba.5. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi iziguli ezingama-98,710 ezisanda kutheleleka ezifakwe ekuhlaziyweni, 3825 (3.9%) zingeniswe esibhedlela, ku-1276 (33.4%) athuthukise izifo ezinzima.
Phakathi kwalabo abangenwe yi-mutations ehlukene, iziguli ezingama-57.7 zeziguli ezingenazimo ezinzima zithuthukise isifo esibi (97/168), kuqhathaniswa nama-33.7% weziguli ze-BA.1 (167/6940 ze-BA.2 (16/9.5 (22/80). Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Multivariate kubonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kusungulwe isifo esibi phakathi kwalezo zingezo ezingenwe yi-Delta> BA.1> Lapho amathuba okuba nesifo esibi phakathi kwalabo abanegciwane uBa.4 / Ba.5 abehlukile kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa ne-BA.2.
Kunciphise i-virulence, kodwa ukuphaphama kuyadingeka
Izifundo zelebhu kanye nedatha yangempela evela emazweni amaningana zikhombisile ukuthi i-Omicron kanye nama-subtypes awo anobunzima obuncane futhi mancane amathuba okubangela ukugula okungathi sína kunobunzima bokuqala kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo.
Kodwa-ke, i-athikili yokubuyekezwa kumagazini weLancet 2022 weLancet, onesihloko esithi 'Mount kodwa hhayi imnene', waphawula ukuthi yize i-Omicron adonswayo ngo-21% wokuqubuka kwamazinga ahlukahlukene okutheleleka kanye namazinga ahlukene wokugoma. (Noma kunjalo, kuleli dolobha laseNingizimu Afrika elisezingeni eliphansi, ama-21% eziguli ezingeniswe esibhedlela angenwe yi-SARS-Cov-2-Omicron variant wayenenkinga yokuqubuka ezindaweni ezinamazinga ahlukene okutheleleka noma amazinga okugomela.)
Ekupheleni kwalokhu okushiwo ngenhla okubika, iqembu liphawule ukuthi yize kune-virulence encishisiwe yohlobo lwangaphambilini, cishe ingxenye yesifo esisesibhedlela (B.1.1.52) Iziguli ezintsha zaqhubeka nokudala ukungazibandakanyi nokufa kwabantu asebekhulile, ngokufa kwabantu asebekhulile, abangama-amc. (Sithanda nokuqwashisa ukuthi ukuhlaziya kwethu akufanele kubonakale njengokulandisa 'okunomusa' okuhlukile ukulandisa okuphezulu, okungu-15% okungekho emthethweni, ezigulini ezinobungozi, ezigulini ezibuthakathaka (wonke ama-Vocs) akhona phakathi kwama-anvacInated, e-Covid-19 (wonke ama-Vocs) aqhubeka nokunikela ekujuleni kwenhliziyo kanye nokufa.)
Idatha yangaphambilini evela ku-Omicron lapho kudala igagasi lesihlanu likabhubhane eHong Kong litshengise ukuthi kusukela ngo-4 Meyi 2022, inani lokufa kwabantu abangu-910% labantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60% labaseminyaka yobudala (cishe ngo-19.30% waleli qembu le-Age abuvikeleki).
Ngokuphambene nalokho, yi-2% kuphela yabaseNew Zealanders abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 abangavinjelwe, okuhambisana kakhulu nezinga eliphansi lokufa kuka-0.07% kobhubhane olusha lomqhele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenkathi kuvame ukuvezwa ukuthi iNewcastle ingaba yisifo sonyaka, isifo esithe xaxa ngokuzayo, kukhona ochwepheshe bezemfundo abathatha umbono ohlukile.
Ososayensi abathathu abavela e-University of Oxford nase-European Union Research Center bakholelwa ukuthi ubulukhuni obuphansi be-Omicron bangavele babe ngengozi, futhi lokho kwaqhubeka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo okusheshayo (ukuvela kwe-antiigenic) kungaletha ukuhlukahluka okusha.
Ngokungafani nokungazindikimalanga nokutholwa, okungaphansi kwengcindezi enamandla yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukubhebhana kuvame ukuba nje 'ngomkhiqizo' wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Amagciwane avela ukukhulisa amandla awo okusabalalisa, futhi lokhu kungaholela nasekwandeni kwe-virulence. Isibonelo, ngokwandisa umthwalo wegciwane ukwenza lula ukudlulisela, kusengakubangela izifo ezinzima kakhulu.
Hhayi lokho kuphela, kepha i-virulence nayo izobangela ukulimala okulinganiselwe ngesikhathi kusatshalaliswa kwegciwane uma kusele izimpawu zaleli gciwane kamuva ekuthelelekeni, ukubiza okumbalwa, okunesikhathi esiningi sokusabalalisa ngaphambi kokubangela imiphumela emibi.
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Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungaba nzima ukubikezela ukuthambekela kohlobo olusha lwe-comron mutant kusuka e-virulence eliphansi le-omicron, kepha izindaba ezinhle zibonisa ubungozi obusha bokugula okukhulu nokukhulisa inani labantu lokugoma labantu liyindlela ebalulekile yokulwa nobhubhane ngalesi sigaba.
Imiklomelo: Le ndatshana yabuyekezwa ngobuhle ngePanpan Zhou, PhD, Tsinghua University School of Medicine kanye ne-PostDoctoll South, Scripps Pheressen Institute, e-USA
I-Omicron ukuzihlola i-antigen reagent ekhaya
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-08-2022
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