Abantu Abayishumi Abaphezulu Kwezesayensi:

I-Yunlong Cao yase-Peking University iqokelwe ucwaningo olusha lwe-coronavirus

Mhla ziyi-15 kuZibandlela wezi-2022, iMvelo yamemezela i-Nature's 10 yayo, uhlu lwabantu abayishumi abebeyingxenye yezehlakalo ezinkulu zesayensi zonyaka, futhi izindaba zabo zinikeza umbono ohlukile kwezinye zezehlakalo zesayensi ezibaluleke kakhulu kulo nyaka ongajwayelekile.

Onyakeni wezinhlekelele nokutholwa okujabulisayo, iMvelo yakhetha abantu abayishumi kwizazi zezinkanyezi eziye zasisiza ukuba siqonde ukuba khona okude kakhulu kwendawo yonke, kuya kubacwaningi abaye baba nesandla esiwumshayabhuqe weNew Crown kanye nemonkeypox, kodokotela abahlinzayo abephule imingcele yokufakelwa izitho zomzimba, kusho u-Rich Monastersky, umhleli oyinhloko Wezici Zemvelo.

U-Yunlong Cao uvela e-Biomedical Frontier Innovation Centre (BIOPIC) e-Peking University. UDkt. Cao uphothule eNyuvesi yase-Zhejiang ngeziqu zeBachelor ku-Physics futhi wathola i-PhD yakhe eMnyangweni Wezekhemikhali Nesayensi Yamakhemikhali eNyuvesi yase-Harvard ngaphansi kuka-Xiaoliang Xie, futhi okwamanje uyi-Research Associate e-Biomedical Frontier Innovation Centre e-Peking University. U-Yunlong Cao ubegxile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokulandelana kweseli elilodwa, futhi ucwaningo lwakhe luye lwasiza ukulandelela ukuvela kwama-coronavirus amasha nokubikezela ezinye zezinguquko eziholela ekudalweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha ze-mutant.

Ngomhla ziyi-18 kuMeyi 2020, u-Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao et al. ishicilele iphepha kujenali Cell elinesihloko esithi: “Amasosha omzimba anamandla avimbela i-SARS-CoV-2 ahlonzwe ukulandelana okuphezulu kweseli elilodwa lamaseli B eziguli ezilulamayo” Iphepha locwaningo.

Lolu cwaningo lubika imiphumela yesikrini esisha se-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) esinciphisa amandla omzimba, esisebenzise inkundla yokulandelana yeseli eyodwa ye-RNA kanye ne-VDJ esezingeni eliphezulu ukuhlonza amasosha omzimba ayi-14 anciphisa ngokuqinile amasosha omzimba e-monoclonal amasosha omzimba angaphezu kuka-8500 e-IgG1 ezigulini ezingama-60 ezitholakele ze-COVID-19.

Lolu cwaningo lubonisa okokuqala ukuthi ukulandelana okuphezulu kweseli elilodwa kungasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekutholweni kwezidakamizwa futhi kunenzuzo yokuba inqubo esheshayo nephumelelayo, ethembisa ukuguqula indlela abantu abahlola ngayo ukuqeda amasosha omzimba kumagciwane athathelwanayo.

Ngomhla ziyi-17 kuJuni 2022, u-Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao et al. ishicilele iphepha elinesihloko esithi: BA.2.12.1, BA.4 kanye ne-BA.5 amasosha omzimba okuphunyuka abangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-Omicron kujenali Nature.

Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi izinhlobo ezintsha ze-Omicron mutant strains BA.2.12.1, BA.4 kanye ne-BA.5 zibonise ukuphunyuka kwamasosha omzimba kanye nokungathathi hlangothi okuphawulekayo kokuphunyuka kwe-plasma ezigulini ezine-Omicron BA.1 ezitholakele.

Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi umgomo we-Omicron osekelwe ku-BA.1 ungase ungasafaneleki njengesithuthukisi esimongweni wamanje wokugoma nokuthi amasosha omzimba adaliwe ngeke anikeze ukuvikeleka okubanzi ngokumelene nohlobo olusha lwe-mutant. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungavikeleki komhlambi ngokutheleleka nge-Omicron kunzima kakhulu ukukufeza ngenxa yento 'ye-immunogenic' yama-coronavirus amasha kanye nokuvela ngokushesha kwezindawo zokuguqula amasosha omzimba.

Ngomhla zingama-30 kuMfumfu wezi-2022, ithimba lika-Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao lashicilela iphepha locwaningo elinesihloko esithi: Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces converging Omicron RBD evolution in the preprint bioRxiv.

Lolu cwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi inzuzo ye-XBB ngaphezu kwe-BQ.1 ingase ibe ngenxa yengxenye yezinguquko ezingaphandle kwesizinda esibophezelayo se-receptor (RBD) se-spinosin, ukuthi i-XBB iphinde ibe nokuguqulwa ezingxenyeni ze-genome efaka ikhodi yesizinda se-N-terminal structural (NTD) ye-spinosin, nokuthi i-XBB iyakwazi ukubalekela amasosha omzimba angathathi hlangothi ngokumelene ne-NTD, okungase kuvumele ukuthi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lingene. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo esifundeni se-NTD kwenzeka ku-BQ.1 ngesilinganiso esishesha kakhulu. Lezi zinguquko zithuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lalezi zinhlobonhlobo zokubalekela amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa ukugoma kanye nezifo ezidlule.

UDkt. Yunlong Cao uthe kungase kube khona ukuvikeleka okuthile ku-XBB uma itheleleke nge-BQ.1, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukunikeza ubufakazi balokhu.

Ngaphandle kuka-Yunlong Cao, abanye abantu ababili benze uhlu ngeqhaza labo elivelele ezindabeni zezempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni wonke, uLisa McCorkell noDimie Ogoina.

U-Lisa McCorkell ungumcwaningi one-Long COVID futhi njengelungu elisungula i-Patient-Led Research Collaborative, uye wasiza ekuqwashiseni nasekuxhaseni ngezimali ucwaningo ngalesi sifo.

UDimie Ogoina ungudokotela wezifo ezithathelwanayo eNyuvesi yaseNiger Delta eNigeria futhi umsebenzi wakhe wokuqeda ubhadane lwenkawu eNigeria unikeze ulwazi olubalulekile ekulweni nobhubhane lwemonkeypox.

Ngomhla ziyi-10 kuJanuwari 2022, iNyuvesi yaseMaryland School of Medicine yamemezela ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo yengulube yokuqala ephumelelayo emhlabeni ehlelwe ngofuzo kumuntu ophilayo, lapho isiguli senhliziyo esineminyaka engu-57 uDavid Bennett sithola ukufakelwa ufuzo lwenhliziyo yengulube ukuze kusindiswe ukuphila kwaso.

Nakuba le nhliziyo yengulube ikhulise impilo ka-David Bennett ngezinyanga ezimbili kuphela, ibe yimpumelelo enkulu kanye nempumelelo eyingqophamlando emkhakheni we-xenotransplantation. U-Muhammad Mohiuddin, udokotela ohlinzayo owahola ithimba elaqeda lokhu kufakelwa komuntu inhliziyo yengulube ehlelwe ngolibofuzo, ngokungangabazeki uqokwe ohlwini Lwabantu Abaphezulu Abayi-10 Bonyaka Bemvelo.

Abanye abaningana bakhethelwa ukuthuthukisa izimpumelelo zesayensi ezingajwayelekile kanye nenqubekelaphambili yenqubomgomo ebalulekile, okuhlanganisa nesazi sezinkanyezi u-Jane Rigby we-NASA's Goddard Space Centre, owabamba iqhaza elibalulekile emsebenzini we-Webb Space Telescope wokufaka isibonakude emkhathini futhi sisebenze kahle, kuthathe ikhono lesintu lokuhlola umkhathi lifinyelele ezingeni elisha neliphakeme. u-alondra Nelson, njengoMqondisi Obambile Wenqubomgomo Yesayensi Nobuchwepheshe eHhovisi Lesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, usize abaphathi bakaMongameli u-Biden ukuthi bathuthukise izici ezibalulekile zohlelo lwayo lwesayensi, okuhlanganisa inqubomgomo yobuqotho besayensi nemihlahlandlela emisha yesayensi evulekile. U-Diana Greene Foster, umcwaningi wokukhishwa kwezisu kanye nombhali wabantu e-University of California, e-San Francisco, unikeze idatha ebalulekile ngomthelela olindelwe wesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US sokuchitha ukuvikelwa okungokomthetho kwamalungelo okukhipha isisu.

Akhona namagama ohlwini lwabayishumi abahamba phambili kulo nyaka ahambisana nokuthuthukiswa kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nezinye izinkinga zomhlaba. Yilaba: u-António Guterres, uNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano Yezizwe, uSaleemul Huq, uMqondisi weSikhungo Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Nentuthuko eDhaka, Bangladesh, kanye noSvitlana Krakovska, Inhloko yethimba lase-Ukraine ku-UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).