Indima yezinhlelo zesikhathi sangempela se-PCR emthini owenziwe ngezifiso naku-genomics

AmaSysths real-time phcr (Polymerase Chain Reaction) asephenduke amathuluzi asemqoka ezinkambeni ezivela ngokushesha zomuthi owenziwe ngezifiso kanye ne-genomics. Lezi zinhlelo zinika amandla abacwaningi kanye nodokotela ukuze bahlaziye izinto zofuzo ngokunemba okungakaze kubonwe kanye nesivinini, bavula indlela yokwakha amasu okuthola ukwelashwa okwenziwe kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuqonda kwezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinhlelo ze-PCR zesikhathi sangempela, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-PCRITITION PCR (QPCR), ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi i-DNA noma i-RNA ngesampula. Ubuchwepheshe bubaluleke kakhulu kwezokwelapha ezenziwe ngezifiso, lapho ukwelashwa kwenziwa khona ukwakheka kofuzo komuntu ngamunye. Ngokuhlinzeka ngezilinganiso eziqondile zamazinga e-gene expression, izinhlelo ze-PCR zesikhathi sangempela zisiza ukubona ama-biomaker angabikezela impendulo yesiguli ekwelashweni oluthile. Kwi-Oncology, ngokwesibonelo, amazinga egama ngalinye zofuzo.

Ngokwengeziwe, izinhlelo ze-PCR zangempela zesikhathi sangempela zidlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni we-genomics, lapho zingasetshenziswa khona ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa kokulandelana kwezindawo ezilandelwayo. Ngenkathi ukulandelana kwezizukulwane ezilandelayo (ama-ndos) kunganikeza umbono ophelele we-genome yomuntu ngamunye, i-PCR yesikhathi sangempela ingaqinisekisa ubukhona kanye nenani lokuhlukahluka kofuzo oluthile okukhonjwe ngokulandelana. Lokhu kuqinisekisa kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukwethenjwa kwemininingwane ye-genomic, ikakhulukazi ezilungiselelweni zomtholampilo lapho kwenziwa khona izinqumo ngokuya ngemininingwane yofuzo.

Ukuguquguquka kwezindlela ezinhle ze-PCR yesikhathi sangempela akunqunyelwe ku-Oncology kanye ne-genomics. Baphinde basetshenziswe ekuhlolweni kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, lapho kutholakale khona ukubonwa okusheshayo nokunembile kwamagciwane. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-Covid-19, i-PCR yesikhathi sangempela saba indinganiso yegolide yokuxilonga ukutheleleka kwe-SARS-Cov-2. Amandla okunciphisa umthwalo wegciwane wesiguli awagcini nje ngokuthola izinsizakuthola ekuxilongeni, kodwa futhi angazisa amasu wokwelashwa kanye nezimpendulo zezempilo zomphakathi.

Ngaphezu kokuxilongwa, izinhlelo ze-PCR zesikhathi sangempela nazo zingasiza ukuqapha ukuthuthuka kwezifo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwelashwa. Ngokulinganisa izinguquko ekuvezweni kofuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, odokotela bangahlola ukuthi isiguli siphendula kahle kangakanani ukwelashwa. Lokhu kuqapha okunamandla kubaluleke kakhulu ezifweni ezingamahlalakhona, njengoba ama-regimens wokwelashwa angadinga ukulungiswa ngokususelwa kuphrofayili yofuzo eshintshayo.

Njengobuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-PCR zesikhathi sangempela emthini owenziwe ngezifiso kanye ne-genomics kuye kwathuthukiswa futhi. Izinhlelo zanamuhla ziya ngokuya zisebenziseka kalula, ngezici ezenzakalelayo zokusebenzela ukuhamba komsebenzi futhi kunciphisa amandla ephutha lomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Multiplex Real-Time PCR kuvumela ukutholwa kanyekanye kwamatshe amaningi ekuphenduleni okukodwa, ukukhuphula kahle ukukhishwa kanye nokusebenza kahle.