Ukuvula Izimfihlo Zokuphila: Ukubaluleka Kwamakhithi E-Nucleic Acid Extraction

Emkhakheni webhayoloji yamangqamuzana, ukukhishwa kwama-nucleic acid (i-DNA ne-RNA) kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, esivula indlela yezicelo ezingenakubalwa kusukela ocwaningweni lwezakhi zofuzo kuya ekuxilongweni komtholampilo. Imishini yokukhipha i-Nucleic acid iyiguqule le nqubo, iyenza isebenze kahle, ithembeke, futhi itholakale kubacwaningi namalabhorethri emhlabeni jikelele. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola la makhithi, ukubaluleka kwezingxenye zawo, nomthelela wawo ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi.

Iyini ikhithi yokukhipha i-nucleic acid?

Imishini yokukhipha i-Nucleic acidzingamathuluzi aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlukanisa i-DNA noma i-RNA kumasampuli ahlukahlukene ezinto eziphilayo, njengegazi, izicubu, amaseli, kanye namasampuli emvelo. Lawa makhithi ngokuvamile aqukethe wonke ama-reagents kanye nemithethonqubo edingekayo ukuze kube lula inqubo yokukhipha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abacwaningi bangathola ama-nucleic acid ekhwalithi ephezulu ngokungcoliswa okuncane.

Inqubo yokukhipha

Inqubo yokukhipha ngokuvamile ihilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile: i-cell lysis, ukuhlanzwa, nokukhishwa.

I-Cell Lysis: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuvula amaseli ukuze akhulule ama-nucleic acid. Lokhu kuvame ukufezwa kusetshenziswa i-lysis buffer equkethe okokuhlanza nama-enzyme aphazamisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli namaprotheni e-denature.

Ukuhlanzwa: Ngemva kokukhishwa kwama-nucleic acid, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukususa ukungcola okufana namaprotheni, ama-lipids, nezinye izinsalela zamaselula. Amakhithi amaningi asebenzisa amakholomu e-silica noma ubuhlalu kazibuthe ukuze ukhethe ngokukhetha ama-nucleic acid, ngaleyo ndlela ahlanze ukungcola.

I-Elution: Okokugcina, ama-nucleic acid ahlanziwe akhishwa ku-buffer efanelekile, alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezansi nomfula njenge-PCR, ukulandelana, noma ukuhlanganisa.

Kungani usebenzise ikhithi yokukhipha i-nucleic acid?

Ukusebenza kahle: Izindlela zendabuko zokukhipha i-nucleic acid zidla isikhathi futhi zisebenza kanzima. Amakhithi okukhipha i-Nucleic acid enza inqubo ibe lula futhi angaqeda ukukhipha phakathi nehora.

Ukungaguquguquki: Izimiso ezijwayelekile ezihlinzekwa yila makhithi ziqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokuthembeka kwemiphumela. Lokhu kubalulekile ezivivinyweni lapho ukunemba kubaluleke khona, njengokuxilongwa komtholampilo noma ucwaningo.

I-Versatility: Amakhithi amaningi aklanyelwe ukuphatha izinhlobo zamasampula ahlukahlukene, awenze afaneleke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Noma ngabe usebenza ngamasampula abantu, izicubu zezitshalo, noma amasiko ezinambuzane, cishe likhona ikhithi elizohambisana nezidingo zakho.

Isebenziseka kalula: Izinsiza eziningi zokukhipha i-nucleic acid ziza neziqondiso ezinemininingwane futhi zenzelwe ukuthi zibe lula ukuzisebenzisa, ngisho nakulabo abangase bangabi nolwazi olunzulu lwaselabhorethri. Lokhu kufinyelele intando yeningi kumasu ebhayoloji yamangqamuzana, okuvumela abacwaningi abaningi ukuthi babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lwezakhi zofuzo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nucleic acid extraction

Ama-nucleic acid atholakala kulawa makhithi angasebenza njengesisekelo sezicelo eziningi:

Ucwaningo lweGene: Qonda umsebenzi wofuzo, inkulumo kanye nokulawula.
I-Clinical Diagnostics: Ukutholwa kwezifo zofuzo, izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nomdlavuza.
Isayensi ye-Forensic: Ukuhlaziywa kwamasampula e-DNA ophenyo lobugebengu.
I-Agricultural Biotechnology: Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphilayo eziguquliwe (GMOs) ukuze kwandiswe isivuno sezitshalo.
Ekuphetheni
Imishini yokukhipha i-Nucleic acidzingamathuluzi abalulekile kubhayoloji yamangqamuzana yesimanje, avumela abacwaningi ukuba bavule izimfihlo zokuphila ezingeni lamangqamuzana. Ukusebenza kahle kwazo, ukungaguquguquki, nokuguquguquka kwazo kuye kwashintsha indawo yocwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokuxilonga, okwenza kube lula kunangaphambili ukuhlola ubunkimbinkimbi be-DNA ne-RNA. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, singalindela ukuthi lezi zinsiza zithuthuke ngokuqhubekayo, zivule iminyango emisha yokutholwa kwesayensi nokuqanjwa kabusha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumcwaningi onolwazi noma umusha kulo mkhakha, ukutshala imali kukhithi yokukhipha i-nucleic acid yekhwalithi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yomsebenzi wakho futhi kube nomthelela endikimbeni yolwazi ehlala ikhula kuzakhi zofuzo.