Izindaba Zezilwane: Intuthuko ocwaningweni lwe-Avian influenza

Izindaba 01

Ukutholwa kokuqala kwe-H4N6 subtype ye-avian influenza virus kumadada ama-mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) kwa-Israel

Avishai Lublin,Nikki Thie,Irina Shkoda,Luba Simanov,Gila Kahila Bar-Gal,Yigal Farnoushi,Roni King,Wayne M Getz,Pauline L Kamath,Rauri CK Bowie,Ran Nathan

PMID:35687561;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14610

Igciwane le-Avian influenza virus (AIV) liyingozi enkulu empilweni yezilwane neyomuntu emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba izinyoni zasendle zisakaza i-AIV emhlabeni wonke, ukuphenya ukusabalala kwe-AIV kubantu basendle kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukudluliswa kwe-pathogen nokubikezela ukuqubuka kwezifo ezilwaneni ezifuywayo nakubantu. Kulolu cwaningo, i-H4N6 i-subtype AIV yahlukaniswa okokuqala kumasampula endle yamadada aluhlaza asendle (Anas platyrhynchos) kwa-Israel. imiphumela ye-phylogenetic yezakhi zofuzo ze-HA ne-NA iphakamisa ukuthi lolu hlobo luhlobene eduze nezindawo zase-Europe nase-Asia. Njengoba i-Israel iseduze nomzila ofudukayo ophakathi kwe-Arctic-Afrika, kucatshangwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinyoni cishe lwaqalwa izinyoni ezifudukayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Phylogenetic kwezakhi zofuzo zangaphakathi ze-isolate (i-PB1, i-PB2, i-PA, i-NP, i-M ne-NS) yembula izinga eliphezulu lokuhlobana kwe-phylogenetic kwamanye ama-subtypes e-AIV, okusikisela ukuthi isenzakalo sangaphambilini sokuhlanganiswa kabusha senzeke kulesi sodwa. Lolu hlobo oluncane lwe-H4N6 lwe-AIV lunezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganiswa kabusha, lungathelela izingulube ezinempilo futhi lubophe ama-receptors abantu, futhi lungabangela isifo se-zoonotic esikhathini esizayo.

Izindaba 02

Uhlolojikelele lwe-avian influenza e-EU, Mashi-Juni 2022

I-European Food Safety Authority, Isikhungo SaseYurophu Sokuvimbela Nokulawula Izifo, I-European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza

PMID:35949938;PMCID:PMC9356771;DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415;

Ngo-2021-2022, umkhuhlane wezinyoni wezinyoni (i-HPAI) wawuwubhubhane olubi kakhulu eYurophu, nokuqubuka kwezinyoni ezingama-2,398 emazweni angama-36 aseYurophu okuholele ekubulaweni kwezinyoni eziyizigidi ezingama-46. phakathi komhla ziyi-16 kuNdasa kanye nomhla ziyi-10 kuJuni 2022, ingqikithi yamazwe angama-28 e-EU/EEA kanye ne-UK 1 182 yohlobo lwe-avian influenza virus (HPAIV) yahlukaniswa nezinkukhu (amacala angama-750), izilwane zasendle (amacala angama-410) kanye nezinyoni ezithunjiwe (22) amacala). Ngalesi sikhathi esibuyekezwayo, ama-86% ezinkukhu aqubuke ngenxa yokutheleleka nge-HPAIV, kanti i-France ibalwa ku-68% wokuqubuka kwezinkukhu, iHungary ngama-24% kanti amanye amazwe athintekile angaphansi kuka-2% ngalinye. IJalimane ibe nenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqubuka kwezinyoni zasendle (amacala ayi-158), kulandele iNetherlands (amacala angama-98) kanye ne-UK (amacala angama-48).

Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kofuzo iphakamisa ukuthi i-HPAIV etholakala e-Europe ngokuyinhloko ingeye-spectrum 2.3.4 b. Selokhu kubikwe umbiko wokugcina, kubikwe izifo ezine ze-H5N6, ezimbili ze-H9N2 kanye nezimbili ze-H3N8 e-China kanti ukutheleleka kwabantu okukodwa kwe-H5N1 kubikwe e-USA. Ingozi yokutheleleka ihlolwe njengephansi kubantu abaningi futhi iphansi ukuya komaphakathi kubantu abachayeke emsebenzini e-EU/EEA.

 Izindaba 03

Ukuguqulwa kwezinsalela 127, 183 kanye no-212 ku-HA gene kunomthelela

I-Antigenicity, ukuphindaphinda kanye ne-pathogenicity ye-H9N2 igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni

Umlandeli we-Mengulu,UBing Liang,Yongzhen Zhao,Yaping Zhang,Qingzheng Liu,UMiao Tian,Yiqing Zheng,Huizhi Xia,Yasuo Suzuki,U-Hualan Chen,Jihui Ping

PMID:34724348;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14363

I-H9N2 subtype ye-avian influenza virus (AIV) ingenye yezinhlobo ezincane ezithinta impilo yemboni yezinkukhu. Kulolu cwaningo, izinhlobo ezimbili ze-H9N2 subtype AIV enesizinda sofuzo esifanayo kodwa i-antigenicity ehlukile, ebizwa ngokuthi A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) kanye ne-A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), ehlukanisiwe nepulazi lezinkukhu. Ukuhlaziywa kokulandelana kwabonisa ukuthi i-JS/75 kanye ne-JS/76 ihluke ngezinsalela ezintathu ze-amino acid (127, 183 kanye ne-212) ye-hemagglutinin (HA). Ukuhlola umehluko wezakhiwo zebhayoloji phakathi kwe-JS/75 ne-JS/76, amagciwane ahlangene ayisithupha akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa indlela yofuzo ehlehlayo ene-A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) njengochungechunge oluyinhloko. Idatha evela ekuhlolweni kokuhlasela kwenkukhu kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HI ibonise ukuthi i-r-76/PR8 ibonise ukuphunyuka kwe-antigenic okushiwo kakhulu ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-amino acid ezikhundleni 127 kanye ne-183 ku-HA gene. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luqinisekisile ukuthi i-glycosylation kusayithi ye-127N yenzeka ku-JS/76 kanye nezinguquko zayo. Izivivinyo zokubopha izamukeli zibonise ukuthi wonke amagciwane ahlanganisayo, ngaphandle kwe-127N glycosylation-deficient mutant, abopheka kalula kuma-humanoid receptors. I-kinetics yokukhula kanye nokuhlolwa kwegundane kubonise ukuthi igciwane le-127N-glycosylated liphindaphindeka kancane kumaseli e-A549 futhi lalingenalo i-pathogenic encane kumagundane uma kuqhathaniswa negciwane lohlobo lwasendle. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwe-glycosylation kanye ne-amino acid ku-HA gene kunesibopho sokuhlukana kwe-antigenicity kanye ne-pathogenicity yezinhlobo ze-2 H9N2.

Umthombo: I-China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center