Izindaba Zezilwane: Intuthuko ocwaningweni lomkhuhlane wezinyoni

Izindaba 01

Ukutholwa kokuqala kwe-H4N6 uhlobo lwegciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni kumadada e-mallard (i-Anas platyrhynchos) kwa-Israyeli

Avishai Lublin,Nikki Thie,Irina Shkoda,Luba Simanov,Gila Kahila Bar-Gal,Yigal Farnoushi,Roni King,Wayne M Getz,Pauline L Kamath,Rauri CK Bowie,Ran Nathan

PMID:35687561;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14610

Igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni (i-AIV) liyingozi enkulu empilweni yezilwane kanye nabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba izinyoni zasemanzini zasendle zidlulisela i-AIV emhlabeni wonke, ukuphenya ukusabalala kwe-AIV ezilwaneni zasendle kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukudluliswa kwezifo kanye nokubikezela ukuqubuka kwezifo ezilwaneni zasekhaya nakubantu. Kulolu cwaningo, uhlobo lwe-H4N6 i-AIV lwahlukaniswa okokuqala ngqa kumasampula endle yamadada aluhlaza asendle (ama-Anas platyrhynchos) kwa-Israyeli. Imiphumela ye-phylogenetic yezakhi zofuzo ze-HA kanye ne-NA iphakamisa ukuthi lolu hlobo luhlobene eduze nezinhlobo zaseYurophu nezase-Asia. Njengoba i-Israel itholakala endleleni yokufuduka yase-Middle Arctic-Afrika, kucatshangwa ukuthi uhlobo cishe lwalethwa yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-phylogenetic kwezakhi zofuzo zangaphakathi ze-isolate (i-PB1, i-PB2, i-PA, i-NP, i-M kanye ne-NS) kwembule izinga eliphezulu lokuhlobana kwe-phylogenetic nezinye izinhlobo ze-AIV, okuphakamisa ukuthi kwenzeke isenzakalo sangaphambilini sokuhlanganisa kabusha kulesi sitshalo. Lolu hlobo lwe-H4N6 lwe-AIV lunezinga eliphezulu lokuhlangana kabusha, lungathelela izingulube ezinempilo futhi lubophe ama-receptor abantu, futhi lungabangela isifo se-zoonotic esikhathini esizayo.

Izindaba 02

Ukubuka konke komkhuhlane wezinyoni e-EU, ngoMashi-Juni 2022

I-European Food Safety Authority, Isikhungo SaseYurophu Sokuvimbela Nokulawula Izifo, I-European Union Reference Laboratory Yomkhuhlane Wezinyoni

I-PMID：35949938；PMCID：PMC9356771；DOI：10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415

Ngo-2021-2022, umkhuhlane wezinyoni obangela izifo eziningi (i-HPAI) wawuwubhubhane olubi kakhulu eYurophu, njengoba ukuqubuka kwezinyoni okungu-2,398 emazweni angu-36 aseYurophu kwaholela ekubulaweni kwezinyoni eziyizigidi ezingu-46. Phakathi kuka-16 Mashi no-10 Juni 2022, amazwe angu-28 e-EU/EEA kanye ne-UK izinhlobo ezingu-1 182 zegciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni elibangela izifo eziningi (i-HPAIV) zahlukaniswa ezinkukhu (amacala angu-750), izilwane zasendle (amacala angu-410) kanye nezinyoni ezivalelwe (amacala angu-22). Phakathi nesikhathi esibukezwayo, u-86% wokuqubuka kwenkukhu kwakubangelwa ukusabalala kwe-HPAIV, lapho iFrance ibalwa khona u-68% wokuqubuka kwenkukhu iyonke, iHungary ingama-24% kanti amanye amazwe athintekile angaphansi kuka-2% ngalinye. IJalimane yayinenani eliphezulu lokuqubuka kwezinyoni zasendle (amacala angu-158), kulandelwa iNetherlands (amacala angu-98) kanye ne-UK (amacala angu-48).

Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo iphakamisa ukuthi i-HPAIV etholakala eYurophu njengamanje itholakala kakhulu ku-spectrum 2.3.4 b. Kusukela embikweni wokugcina, kuye kwabikwa ukutheleleka kwabantu abane kwe-H5N6, i-H9N2 ezimbili kanye ne-H3N8 ezimbili eShayina kanti ukutheleleka kwabantu okukodwa kwe-H5N1 kubikwe e-USA. Ingozi yokutheleleka ihlolwe njengephansi kubantu abaningi kanye nephansi kuya kwephakathi kwabantu abavezwe emsebenzini e-EU/EEA.

 Izindaba 03

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuma-residues angu-127, 183 kanye no-212 ku-HA gene affect

Ukulwa nokutheleleka, ukuphindaphindeka kanye nesifo segciwane le-H9N2 avian influenza

Umlandeli we-Mengulu，UBing Liang，Yongzhen Zhao，Yaping Zhang，Qingzheng Liu，UMiao Tian，Yiqing Zheng，Huizhi Xia，Yasuo Suzuki，U-Hualan Chen，Jihui Ping

PMID:34724348;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14363

Uhlobo lwe-H9N2 lwegciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni (AIV) lungenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu ezithinta impilo yemboni yezinkukhu. Kulolu cwaningo, izinhlobo ezimbili ze-H9N2 uhlobo lwe-AIV ezinesizinda sofuzo esifanayo kodwa i-antigenicity ehlukile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) kanye ne-A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), zahlukaniswa epulazini lezinkukhu. Ukuhlaziywa kokulandelana kubonise ukuthi i-JS/75 kanye ne-JS/76 zahluke ezinsaleleni ezintathu ze-amino acid (127, 183 kanye ne-212) ze-haemagglutinin (HA). Ukuze kuhlolwe umehluko ezimpahleni zezinto eziphilayo phakathi kwe-JS/75 kanye ne-JS/76, amagciwane ayisithupha ahlanganisiwe akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa indlela yofuzo ephambene ne-A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) njengochungechunge oluyinhloko. Idatha evela ekuhlolweni kokuhlaselwa kwenkukhu kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HI ibonise ukuthi i-r-76/PR8 ibonise ukuphuma kwe-antigen okuvelele kakhulu ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-amino acid ezindaweni ezingu-127 kanye no-183 ku-HA gene. Izifundo ezengeziwe ziqinisekisile ukuthi i-glycosylation endaweni ye-127N yenzeka ku-JS/76 kanye nezinguquko zayo. Ukuhlolwa kokubopha kwe-receptor kubonise ukuthi wonke amagciwane aphinde ahlanganiswa, ngaphandle kwe-127N glycosylation-deficient mutant, axhumeka kalula kuma-receptor e-humanoid. Ukuhlolwa kokukhula kwe-kinetics kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhlasela kwegundane kubonise ukuthi igciwane le-127N-glycosylated laphindaphindeka kancane kumaseli e-A549 futhi lalingenazo izifo eziningi kumagundane uma kuqhathaniswa negciwane lohlobo lwasendle. Ngakho-ke, i-glycosylation kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-amino acid ku-HA gene kunesibopho sokwehluka kwe-antigenicity kanye ne-pathogenicity yezinhlobo ezimbili ze-H9N2.

Umthombo: Isikhungo Sezempilo Yezilwane saseShayina kanye Nezifo Ezibangelwa Yizifo