Izindaba - Isayensi Yezifo Zokuphefumula Ebusika

Muva nje, iKhomishana Yezempilo Kazwelonke ibe nomhlangano nabezindaba mayelana nokuvimbela nokulawulwa kwezifo zokuphefumula ebusika, yethula ukusabalala kwezifo zokuphefumula kanye nezindlela zokuzivikela ebusika eChina, futhi iphendula imibuzo evela kwabezindaba. Engqungqutheleni, ochwepheshe bathi okwamanje, iChina ingene enkathini yezibalo eziphezulu zezifo zokuphefumula, futhi izifo ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula zihlangene futhi zibekwe phezulu, zibeka engcupheni impilo yabantu. Izifo zokuphefumula zibhekisela ekuvuvukeni kolwelwesi lwamafinyila lokuphefumula okubangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-pathogen noma ezinye izici, ikakhulukazi ezihlanganisa ukutheleleka kwepheshana eliphezulu lokuphefumula, inyumoniya, i-bronchitis, i-asthma nokunye. Ngokusho kwedatha yokuqapha ye-National Health and Health Commission, amagciwane ezifo zokuphefumula e-China aphethwe ikakhulukazi amagciwane omkhuhlane, ngaphezu kokusatshalaliswa kwamanye amagciwane emaqenjini ahlukene eminyaka, isibonelo, kukhona nama-rhinoviruses abangela umkhuhlane ovamile. ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-1-4 ubudala; emphakathini wabantu abaneminyaka engu-5-14 ubudala, izifo ze-Mycoplasma kanye ne-adenoviruses ezibangela umkhuhlane ovamile zine-Eqenjini leminyaka engu-5-14, izifo ze-Mycoplasma kanye ne-adenoviruses ezibangela i-akhawunti yomkhuhlane ovamile ngengxenye ethile yabantu; eqenjini leminyaka engu-15-59, ama-rhinoviruses nama-neocoronaviruses angabonakala; futhi eqenjini lobudala obungama-60+, kunengxenye enkulu ye-parapneumovirus yabantu kanye ne-coronavirus evamile.

I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae iyi-microorganism ephakathi phakathi kwamagciwane nama-virus; ayinalo udonga lweseli kodwa inolwelwesi lweseli, futhi ingaphinde ikhiqize ngokuzimele noma ihlasele futhi ifake i-parasitize ngaphakathi kwamaseli aphethe. I-genome ye-Mycoplasma pneumoniae incane, inezakhi zofuzo ezingaba yi-1,000 kuphela. I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae ishintshashintsha kakhulu futhi ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene kanye nabasingathi ngokuhlanganiswa kabusha kofuzo noma ukuguqulwa. I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae ilawulwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwama-macrolide antibiotics, njenge-azithromycin, i-erythromycin, i-clarithromycin, njll. Ezigulini ezimelana nale mithi, ama-tetracycline amasha noma ama-quinolones angasetshenziswa.

Amagciwane oMkhuhlane amagciwane e-RNA ane-positive-strand, afika ngezinhlobo ezintathu, uhlobo A, uhlobo B kanye nohlobo C. Amagciwane oMkhuhlane A anezinga eliphezulu lokuguquguquka futhi angaholela kubhubhane lomkhuhlane. I-genome yegciwane lomkhuhlane iqukethe izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili, ngayinye ehlanganisa iphrotheni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Amagciwane omkhuhlane aguquka ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko, enye iwukukhukhuleka kwe-antigenic, lapho ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwenzeka khona ezakhini zofuzo ezibangelwa amagciwane, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-antigenic ku-hemagglutinin (HA) ne-neuraminidase (NA) ebusweni begciwane; enye iwukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-antigenic, lapho ukutheleleka kanyekanye kwezinhlobo ezincane ezihlukene zamagciwane omkhuhlane engqamuzaneni efanayo yokusingatha kuholela ekuhlanganisweni kabusha kwezingxenye zofuzo lwegciwane, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo ezincane ezintsha. Amagciwane omkhuhlane ikakhulukazi alawulwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-neuraminidase inhibitors, njenge-oseltamivir ne-zanamivir, futhi ezigulini ezigula kakhulu, ukwelapha okusekela izimpawu nokwelashwa kwezinkinga nakho kuyadingeka.

I-Neocoronavirus igciwane le-RNA elinomucu owodwa elinomucu owodwa lomndeni wakwaCoronaviridae, onemindeni emine engaphansi, okungu-α, β, γ, kanye no-δ. Imindeni engaphansi u-α kanye no-β ngokuyinhloko ithelela izilwane ezincelisayo, kuyilapho imindeni emincane engu-γ kanye no-δ ithelela izinyoni. I-genome ye-neocoronavirus iqukethe uhlaka olude oluvulekile lokufunda olufaka amaphrotheni angu-16 angewona wesakhiwo namane anesakhiwo, okuyiprotheni ye-membrane (M), i-hemagglutinin (S), i-nucleoprotein (N) kanye nephrotheni ye-enzyme (E). Ukuguqulwa kwe-Neocoronaviruses kubangelwa ikakhulukazi amaphutha ekuphindaphindeni kwegciwane noma ukufakwa kwezakhi zofuzo zangaphandle, okuholela ekushintsheni kokulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo, ezithinta ukudluliselwa kwegciwane, i-pathogenicity kanye nekhono lokuphunyuka lokuzivikela komzimba. Ama-Neocoronavirus aphathwa ikakhulukazi ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane njenge-ridecivir ne-lopinavir/ritonavir, futhi ezimeni ezinzima, ukwelashwa okusekela izimpawu nokwelashwa kwezinkinga nakho kuyadingeka.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokulawula izifo zokuphefumula yilezi ezilandelayo:

Ukugoma. Imithi yokugoma iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo futhi ingashukumisa umzimba ukuba ukhiqize amasosha omzimba ngokumelene namagciwane. Njengamanje, i-China inezinhlobonhlobo zemithi yokugoma izifo zokuphefumula, njengomgomo womkhuhlane, umuthi wokugoma omusha, umgomo we-pneumococcal, umgomo we-pertussis, njll. izifo, izingane kanye nezinye izinhlaka ezibalulekile.

Gcina imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Izifo zokuphefumula zisakazwa ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi kanye nokuthintana, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwamagciwane ngokugeza izandla njalo, ukuvala umlomo nekhala ngethishu noma ngendololwane lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula, ungaphimisi amathe, futhi ungahlanganyeli izitsha.

Gwema izindawo eziminyene nezingenawo umoya omuhle. Izindawo eziminyene futhi ezingenawo umoya wokungenisa umoya kahle ziyizindawo ezisengozini enkulu yezifo zokuphefumula futhi zivame ukuthelelana ngezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuvakasha kulezi zindawo, futhi uma kufanele uhambe, gqoka imaski futhi ugcine ibanga elithile lomphakathi ukuze ugweme ukusondelana nabanye.

Thuthukisa ukumelana komzimba. Ukumelana nomzimba kuwumugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela kuma-pathogens. Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba nokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngokudla okunengqondo, ukuvivinya umzimba okusesilinganisweni, ukulala ngokwanele, nesimo esihle somqondo.

Naka ukufudumala. Amazinga okushisa asebusika aphansi, futhi ukuvuselela amakhaza kungaholela ekwehleni komsebenzi wokuzivikela we-mucosa yokuphefumula, okwenza kube lula ukuthi amagciwane ahlasele. Ngakho-ke, qaphela ukugcina ukufudumala, ukugqoka izingubo ezifanele, ukugwema amakhaza nomkhuhlane, ukulungisa ngesikhathi esifanele kwezinga lokushisa lasendlini kanye nomswakama, nokugcina umoya omncane wasendlini.

Thola usizo lwezempilo ngesikhathi. Uma izimpawu zezifo zokuphefumula ezifana nemfiva, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula zenzeka, kufanele uye esikhungweni sezokwelapha esivamile kusenesikhathi, uhlole futhi welaphe lesi sifo ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela, futhi ungayiphuzi imithi ngokwakho noma ukubambezeleka ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngokweqiniso ngomlando wakho we-epidemiological and exposure, futhi ubambisane naye ophenyweni lwe-epidemiological kanye nezimo ze-epidemiological ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokulawula izifo zokuphefumula yilezi ezilandelayo:

Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-15-2023